Proposals for Reform of the Law Regarding Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3049 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Tags: Assisted Suicide Essay Euthanasia Essay Did you like this example? Introduction: As part of my Law Reform Project module, we have been asked to select a topic of our choice to examine and make proposals on for reform. The topic I have chosen to discuss is Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide in Ireland. This topic has been in the spot light recently as Dublin woman Gail Oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Rorke has been in court charged with attempting to assist the suicide of her friend Bernadette Forde by making travel arrangements to Zurich for her to have the procedure and getting the medicine for her to end her life. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Proposals for Reform of the Law Regarding Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide" essay for you Create order Today, the jury of six men and six women delivered a not guilty verdict. This is the most recent case in Ireland however this issue has been tackled in the courts previously, which I will discuss later. History of Euthanasia: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The word euthanasia stems from the Greek words à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“eu thanatosà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  meaning à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“good deathà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and refers to the action of a third party, usually a doctor to deliberately end the life of an individual.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [1] The concept of Euthanasia was founded in ancient Rome BC long before the Christian religion came to be. The value that is placed on an individuals life today is not the same as it was then and doctors often committed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"mercy killingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. The famous philosopher Plato wrote that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mentally and physically ill persons should be left to death; they do not have the right to live.[2] The first change in attitude came after the Hippocratic O ath was created which states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I will give no deadly medicine to any one if asked, nor suggest any such counselà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  [3] following this, the act of euthanasia in Rome was considered to be a crime of murder, however many carried on these à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"mercy killingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to relieve patients from the pain they were suffering. This shows that the practice of Euthanasia has been around since nearly the beginning of time and people will always have different opinions on the matter either legally or morally. What is Euthanasia? In order to discuss how I believe the law needs to be reformed in this area, it is important to have a firm understanding what Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide is. There is different kinds of Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide: Voluntary Euthanasia This is when a person consents to their life being ended by a third party deliberately (Active Euthanasia) Non à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Voluntary Euthanasia à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this may be when a person is unable to seek the procedure and another person makes the decision for them i.e. a family member, this will usually happen when it has previously been expressed by the patient. Passive Euthanasia à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" This is where treatment is withheld that is seen necessary to maintain a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s life and therefore causing their death. An example of this is to withhold antibiotics from someone with pneumonia. Assisted Suicide à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this is when a person gets information/guidance or medication from another person and takes their own life. Physician Assisted Suicide in this case a person may go to a doctor and then be provided with information/guidance or in some cases medication to end their own life. These procedures are carried out usually to relieve pain and suffering of terminally ill people. Each country has different laws in relation to Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide, but in most jurisdictions the practice of non à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" voluntary euthanasia is illegal. In countries that have legalised the procedures, there are strict safe-guards and restrictions in place in order to protect the vulnerable. In Ireland and the United Kingdom, the practice of Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide is completely outlawed. Euthanasia in Ireland: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Suicide was decriminalised in Ireland in 1993, but it remains a criminal offence punishable with up to 14 years in prison for anyone who helps someone else to end their life.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [4] Both practices of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in Ireland can be regarded as either Manslaughter or Murder depending on the individual circumstances of each case, it therefore may be punishable by up to 14 years in prison for help ing someone to end their life, this is governed by the Criminal Law (suicide) Act 1993. No person has actually been charged with this crime in Ireland so there has been no precedent set. In 1995, a case came before the Supreme Court where they granted permission to remove the feeding tube of a woman who was in a permanent vegetative state, however the made it clear that the courts would not permit ending a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s life through positive action such as the use of drugs. Another case which happened in the UK in 2009 involved Debbie Purdy and her husband Omar. In this case, Debbie had been suffering from Multiple Sclerosis and argued to find out if her husband went with her to Switzerland to have the procedure, would he then face criminal charges when he returned. The court stated in this case that it would not be a criminal offence to do so as long as her husband had no active part in helping her to die. This case set a spotlight on Irish law relating to Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide. This case resulted in the Director of Public Prosecutions in the UK issuing a set of guidelines which recommends that persons assisting another to end their life should not be prosecuted, however it also contains a safeguard that requires the motives of the person assisting the suicide to be examined. A largely significant case in Ireland was that of UCD lecturer Marie Flemming. The 58 year old woman from Wicklow was in the terminal stages suffering from Multiple Sclerosis. She and her husband Tom challenged the state about her legal right to die and the repercussions that might face her husband for assisting her. At the time of the case, Mrs Flemmingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s illness had progressed to a stage where she no longer had the use of her limbs and therefor would not be in a position to end her own life unassisted. She wanted her husband to help her carry out her wish to die. Mrs Flemming however was concerned about the legal consequences that her hus band would face for assisting her, under Irish law he could face up to 14 years imprisonment. The court which was led by Chief Justice Susan Denham stated that the constitutional right to life imported no right to die, or to arrange for the termination of life at a time of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own choosing and also there was no express right to commit suicide. She also states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“while suicide ceased to be a crime, the fact that it has so ceased does not establish a constitutional right. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“[5] Tom Flemming, Marieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s husband was not happy with the ruling and stated that he could not understand that suicide was legally available to able bodied persons and this was not discriminated against but it was denied to his wife. Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide around the world: In 2015, Euthanasia is legal in the Netherland, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium and Luxembourg while Assisted Suicide is available in Germany, Switzerland, Alba nia, Japan and the American states of Washington, Oregon, Vermont, New Mexico and Montana. The practice of Euthanasia has been criminalised in Mexico, Thailand and the Northern Territory of Australia where it was once legal and governed by the Terminally Ill Act 1995 but then outlawed by the Euthanasia Laws Act 1997. Canada: Canada had the same laws as Ireland in relation to Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide however in February of this year the Supreme Court rules that in cases where adults who were mentally sound and suffering intolerably from a permanent illness may seek help from a doctor to end their life. The court has however suspended its ruling for a year to draft new legislation and policy for the procedure. Turkey: In Turkey, the act of Euthanasia is strictly forbidden. The law states that a person who carries out this act will be judges and punished for life imprisonment just like a simple murder. The Netherlands: In 2002, the Termination of Life on Reques t and Assisted Suicide Act came into effect in the Netherlands and Euthanasia was then legalised but only à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"active euthanasiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has legal standing, this means that assisted suicide is not covered in this legislation but it was never considered a crime in the Netherlands before the creation of the Act. No distinction is made between the two practices, they are both seen as Euthanasia. The Netherlands was the first country in the world since Nazi Germany to legalise Euthanasia. However with this came a strict set of conditions, the person seeking the procedure must be: Suffering intolerable pain Their illness must be incurable The patient must be fully conscious to make the request, it must be made voluntarily and had been well considered The patient must have been previously informed that there is no other reasonable solution for their condition The doctor must consult at least one other independent physician who had seen the patient and provided a written report of their opinion. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In 2010, 3,136 people were given a lethal cocktail under medical supervisionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [6]. According to the Royal Dutch Medical Association, a procedure called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Palliative Sedationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has been a common practice in hospitals in the Netherland claiming over 15,000 cases a year since 2005. Palliative Sedation is seen as a last resort for patients suffering incurable illness, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“it is the use of medications to induce decreased or absent awareness in order to relieve otherwise intractable suffering at the end of lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [7]. This treatment is available for people that have a life expectancy of less than two weeks. In Ireland, Italy, Romania, Greece, Bosnia, Serbia, Croatia and Poland euthanasia is forbidden and may be considered homicide resulting in up to 14 years imprisonment in Ireland and 15 years in Italy. Germany and Switzerland: Germans are hesitant to use the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Euthanasiaà ¢Ã¢â€ š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ because of its association with the Nazis, instead they use the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"active assisted suicideà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to describe Euthanasia. In both Germany and Switzerland, active assisted suicide is illegal, i.e. a doctor prescribing and handing over a lethal drug to a patient, however both countries do allow assisted suicide in certain situations. In Germany, as long as the patient takes the lethal does without any assistance assisted suicide is legal. The law in Switzerland differs slightly, as long as there is no à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"self-seeking motivesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ assisted suicide is allowed. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Whoever, fromselfish motives, induces another to commit suicide or assists him therein shall be punished, if the suicide was successful or attempted, by confinement in a penitentiary for not more than five years or by imprisonment.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [8]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Article 115 of the Penal Code of Switzerland. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“While active assisted su icide remains illegal, in a recent survey, two-thirds of Germans said they would support a law that enabled active assisted suicide tooà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [9] European Courts of Human Rights: There has been a number of cases through the European Court of Human Rights regarding Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide. Pretty v the United Kingdom 2002 In this case, a woman was suffering from motor neurone disease to which there is no cure. Due to her illness, she was unable to end her own life and wished to have her husband assist her in ending her life, however in the UK as we have already seen it is a crime to assist in a suicide. Because her husband would not be free from prosecution if he helped her, she took her case to the European Courts of Human Rights. The court held that there had been no violation of Article 2 (the right to life) stating that in no way could one import a right to die from this. The court also found no violation of Article 3 (prohibition of unhuman or degr ading treatment) giving that the state would still be required to punish actions intended to terminate life which is an obligation stemming from Article 3. There was neither a violation of Article 8 (right to respect private life) or Article 9 (freedom of conscience) of the Convention. Koch v Germany 2012 In 2004, the applicantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s wife made an unsuccessful application to the Federal Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medical Products to get a deadly dose of a drug which would allow her to commit suicide in her own home in Germany, the application was denied. In February of the following year the man and his wife travelled to Switzerland where his wife committed suicide with the help of an association. In the same year the applicant failed in an action that the Federal Institutes decision to provide his wife with the drug was unlawful. The appeals court then refused to examine the merits of the case which lead to the case being brought to the European Courts of Hu man Rights. The applicant said that this refusal had infringed his right to respect for private and family life. The court held that in this case, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the exceptionally close relationship between the applicant and his wife, and to his immediate involvement in the fulfilment of her wish to end her days, the Court considered that he could claim to have been directly affected by the refusal to grant her authorisation to acquire a lethal dose of the medicationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [10] The German courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s refusal to examine the merits of the case resulted in a violation of the applicants procedural rights under Article 8. Proposals for Reform: As we have already seen, the law in Ireland is clear on the practices of both Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide, it is strictly forbidden. However there are certain where a person can refuse treatment which would prolong their life by allowing a natural death from a fatal illness. This may be known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Pas sive Euthanasiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ which results in no criminal sanctions in Irish law. The Irish Medical Council issue the following guidelines to doctors; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“There is no obligation on you to start or continue a treatment, or artificial nutrition and hydration that is futile or disproportionately burdensome, even if such treatment may prolong life.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [11] The countries around the world that do permit Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide have very strict rules safeguarding the practice. I do believe that Ireland needs to reform its laws on both Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide, however in doing this very strict regulations and safeguards must be put in place to regulate the practice and protect the vulnerable members of our society. In order for safeguards to be properly effective, investigations would need to be made into certain aspects of the patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s life such as their mental competence, family dynamics of the patient, and the financi al implications of their death, furthermore it needs to be a requirement that the patient is receiving proper palliative care before they make a request for euthanasia. This request needs to be a last resort with all other avenues having been explored. After exploring the Euthanasia laws from around the world I believe the following conditions would need to be satisfied before a request for Euthanasia would be granted: The applicant must be above the age of 18 and be an Irish resident The applicant must be fully mentally competent and be examined by a Psychiatrist and a second opinion must be sought from a physician Both physicians must confirm that the patient is capable of making this decision The applicant must be suffering from an incurable illness, be in intolerable pain and have a life expectancy of less than 6 months Two requests must be made by the applicant, and there must be 14 days between the first and last request made The applicant must be able to take the lethal medication themselves. In the US state of Oregon, a survey showed that 45% of patients who were given good palliative care changed their mind about euthanasia[12]. In cases where the applicant is physically unable to administer the lethal drug to end their own life but is mentally competent and has satisfied all the other criteria, a doctor or a family member may assist them in ending their life with no legal repercussions, the authorities would need to be informed of this and consent given to this affect. It is essential for regulation of this procedure and any practices of Euthanasia by persons which do not comply with the above guidelines will then face criminal sanctions. Doctors may also have the discretion to refuse the procedure for any applicant when they see fit for any reason. A survey which was carried out on final year medical students in UCC found that over 60% of students surveyed believed that the law should be reformed to allow assisted suicide and euthanasia in Ireland. Another poll carried out by the Irish Times shows that 54% of people surveyed would be willing to help a relative die. When taking the public opinion into account and even the reaction to the Gail Oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Rorke court case, I believe that the law in this area definitely needs to be reformed. Bibliography: European Courts of Human Rights à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Fact Sheet, Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide January 2015 https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/FS_Euthanasia_ENG.pdf Accessed: 01/05/2015 The Guardian.com Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide laws around the world à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Guardian Staff à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 17th July 2014 https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/jul/17/euthanasia-assisted-suicide-laws-world Accessed: 27/04/2015 The Journal.ie à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Facts about Assisted Suicide in Ireland à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" April 2015 https://www.thejournal.ie/explainer-assisted-suicide-2045083-Apr2015/ Accessed: 27/04/2015 US National Library of Medicine Website An Article by the Mayo Clinic à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Palliative Sedation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Molly L. Olsen MD, Keith M. Swetz MD and Paul S. Mueller MD MPH à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Oct. 2010 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2947968/ Accessed: 02/05/2015 Irish Council for Bioethics à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Euthanasia: Your Body, Your Death, Your Choice? https://www.rte.ie/science/euthanasia_leaflet.pdf Accessed: 24/04/2014 The Journal.ie à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Irelands euthanasia laws are some of the most strict in Europe à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" January 2015 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Nicky Ryan https://www.thejournal.ie/euthanasia-laws-right-to-die-1837170-Jan2015/ Accessed: 28/04/2015 IrishCentral.ie à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Survey finds majority of Irish medical students back euthanasia à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Cathal Dervan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" December 2011. https://www.irishcentral.com/news/survey-finds-majority-of-irish-medical-students-back-euthanasia-134818193- 237742401.html Accessed: 01/05/2015 1 [1] https://www.rte.ie/science/euthanasia_leaflet.pdf [2] https://www.life.org.nz/euthanasia/abouteuthanasia/history-euthanasia1/ [3] https://www.euthanasia.com/oathtext.html [4] https://www.thejournal.ie/marie-fleming-supreme-court-right-to-die-888920-Apr2013/ [5] https://www.thejournal.ie/marie-fleming-supreme-court-right-to-die-888920-Apr2013/ [6] https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/jul/17/euthanasia-assisted-suicide-laws-world [7] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2947968/ [8] https://www.patientsrightscouncil.org/site/switzerland/ [9] https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/jul/17/euthanasia-assisted-suicide-laws-world [10] https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/FS_Euthanasia_ENG.pdf [11] https://www.medicalprotection.org/ireland/booklets/avoiding-problems-managing-the-risks-in-hospital-practice/advance-directives [12] https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/euthanasia/overview/regulation_1.shtml

Eric Helleiner of Understanding the 2007-2008 Global...

Eric Helleiner of Understanding the 2007-2008 Global Financial Crisis: Lessons for Scholars of International Political Economy argues that the IPE scholars of the years leading into the financial crisis of 2007 failed to identify the negatives of international capital flows which in turn increased the United States financial bubble. Helleiner argues that IPE scholars could not have predicted the event precisely in regards to timing, but failed to observe obvious problems that came with amplified securitization and increased levels of risk taking within the market. Events leading up to the financial crisis of 2007 began with the increase of housing bubbles and the growth of default mortgages, mostly subprime mortgages. These defaults†¦show more content†¦International causes of the crisis came with large inflows of foreign capital that created cheap cost credit in the U.S. contributing to financial bubbles, excessive debt accumulation and the pursuit of risky investments. In turn, the crisis came as a result of too much foreign investment in the U.S. rather than too little. Helleiner argues IPE scholars failed to connect the relationship of foreign capital generating bubbles within the U.S. as focus was set more on its affect in developing countries. However worldwide, many foreign nations came in support of the U.S. often private investors from high-income countries with increased account surpluses. It is believed the U.S. structural position in the global market lead to backings from countries like that of China whose goals were to p romote rapid export-oriented industrialization with the accumulation of dollar reserves. Policy makers like that in China accepted that diversifying current reserve risks could trigger market reactions that would devalue or hurt massive investments. Helleiner then turns to the events leading to the crisis, specifically the IPE scholars and the regulators who could have prevented the crisis entirely. The crisis itself was shocking as standards like the 1988 Basel Accord was set up by regulators to strengthen the financial market and improve practice standards or the Financial Stability Forum that was tasked with preventing the accumulation of risk system wide. Unfortunately regulators

Power and control comparrison free essay sample

Examine the way Shakespeare presents power in the character and actions of Lady Macbeth. In this Controlled assessment I will be trying my hardest to examine the power, actions and emotions of Lady Macbeth throughout the entire play. ‘Macbeth’ by William Shakespeare is a very unusual play, the characters aren’t part of your expectations especially Lady Macbeth. Shakespeare made a clear opposite feature between Lady Macbeth and Macbeth, which is a very challenging yet effective technique. Shakespeare’s character Lady Macbeth is a very different character, her personality shines throughout the play, Lady Macbeth wasn’t your usual woman in that time period, most of the women then were very obedient, shy and quiet. Most of the women of that time were very obedient towards their fathers and husbands†¦ Well, Lady Macbeth was the complete opposite; she was the dominant person in hers and Mac Beth’s relationship. Lady Macbeth was very controlling of Macbeth, we know this because- â€Å"Infirm of purpose. † This quote suggests that Lady Mac Beth was trying to control Macbeth and show that she has power over him. Lady Macbeth was aiming to be the most encouraging, yet powerful partner, although she ended up acting malicious and self-centred. There is a clear transition between the characters Lady Macbeth and Macbeth; it makes you think about why she was so powerful and why Macbeth was allowing her to overrule his life. Macbeth seems to be very conscious of Lady Macbeth, and her behaviour towards him and others. Macbeth comes across to the audience as quite weak and unstable, we don’t know if it’s because of the way he is treated by Lady Macbeth, or if that’s just his nature. Although, Shakespeare may have written the play to insinuate that Lady Macbeth treats Macbeth the way she does, because he allows it, and he is generally just an easy going character. On the other hand Lady Macbeth gets tired of Macbeth being too easy going towards her and their surroundings; we know this because â€Å"Screw your courage to the sticking place† basically Lady Macbeth said man up, start acting braver courageous like a ‘real’ man. The audience in the gallery must have all had a different experience watching Shakespeare’s plays, as there were different sections of the Gallery. Although, the audience were probably quite shocked because of how different the story line was. Also because back then all of the characters would have been played by males, which must have made it harder for the audience to feel the emotions of Lady Macbeth and understand how Macbeth really felt when his own wife treated him like her slave. We don’t know if ‘Macbeth’ was influenced on a true story, but Shakespeare wrote it very well, as if sounded and was based out very real, we could easily tell what type of person Lady Macbeth was and how she was treating Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is a very stubborn character, she likes to have everything her way, with no one telling her different. Lady Macbeth was a very foolish selfish woman, she wanted everything for her own wealth and fortune, but she would never do it with her own hands, so she wanted Macbeth to kill the king (King Duncan) so that she could be queen and Macbeth would be king; Lady Macbeth didn’t care that she was killing someone, she just wanted to kill the king, and thought no one would notice or find out it was Macbeth. Macbeth was very hesitant to kill Duncan, as much as he would love to be king, and he was next in throne, he just wasn’t sure if he was the right person for the job. Lady Macbeth wasn’t pleased with Macbeth trying to back out of the situation, we know this because- â€Å"when you durst do it, then you were a man† Lady Macbeth is basically saying to Macbeth, stop worrying and waiting around. just hurry up, just kill the king!! Lady Macbeth was very blunt and truthful to Macbeth, which was sometimes deceived as being nasty and hurtful. How does the poem present power and control. In this essay I will be examining how Sassoon presents power and control in comparison to ‘My last duchess’ and ‘Base details’. Robert browning shows power and control in his poem, ‘my last duchess’. We know this because of this quote in the poem, ‘That’s my last duchess painted on the wall’. This quotation represents power and control, by the way it has been written, ‘that’s my’ implying that he owned the duchess, and that she was his property, but more of an object to show off his power towards women. ‘My last duchess’ seems as if there has been more than one duchess. He seems to have a lot of pride to be more of less a lady’s man. As he is a duke, and a very wealthy man, he’s wary of others and wants people to know his authority. Being a duke he feels as though he can control others, mainly his wife/duchess. Browning shows another side of the duke, which was quite unexpected, especially to the readers; as the duke seems very strong and powerful, although a strike of jealousy shines though, in this quotation, ‘she thanks men’ this to me implies jealousy, as the duke is pointing out that she is talking to other men, which clearly he isn’t impressed with. This shows mainly control, the duke treats his wife like an object, she can’t talk to other men, other than her husband she father. Because of the duke’s controlling outlook on life, he can’t see his wife talking to other men, because I think he fears he could lose her his pride. In this quotation, browning portrayed the Duke living up to his high authority, ‘I gave commands’ this quotation sums up the dukes attitude towards others, and is probably the best example of power and control in this poem. Back In the 16th century, men had most of the control, so it wasn’t as shocking then as it is now. The duke looks down at others and expects people to bow down to him. Browning has portrayed power in the duke well, as we can clearly see that the duke doesn’t agree with others getting attention or ignoring his authority, so he makes his importance head and clear. Browning makes the readers feel sympathetic towards the duchess in this quotation, ‘She had a heart-how shall I say- too soon made glad, too easily impressed’. In this quotation is tells us more about the duchess, that she is a woman with a heart of gold and wouldn’t want to hurt anyone or get on the wrong side of anyone. By us knowing this about the duchess, it makes us think more about the way she is being treated by the duke, as she doesn’t un-impress anyone, so the duke must get away with murder. The duchess obviously loves the duke, and gets impressed with the smallest of compliments. In this case their relationship clearly shows that Love is blind. ‘My last duchess’ and ‘Macbeth’ are very similar, in that they both examine the different structures of power and control. Browning shows power between a couple, and that the duke has all of the power and control in the relationship, we know this because of the past quotation ‘I gave commands’; which is a very powerful quotation, it makes the readers feel sympathetic towards the duchess and others surrounding the Duke. This quotation also shows that the relationship is built on power and control, the duchess won’t do anything to aggravate the duke, as she is probably scared of the outcome. Shakespeare’s Sassoon examines the theme of power and control in his poem ‘Base Details’. This quotation, ‘And speed glum heroes up the line to death’ represents power and control in that the majors couldn’t care less about the difficult conditions the soldiers have to face up to. It’s clear to me, that although the soldiers should earn full authority, the majors think they are one better than the soldiers to take full authority of them and treat them like dirt. By Sassoon using the specific word ‘death’ it makes us worry that the soldiers, too young or old will eventually be left behind to die. This is the harsh reality of WW1, as there would have been too many weak soldiers who would have been left in harsh conditions to die painfully; as there weren’t as many doctors and nurses on the scene as there are today. Sassoon compares the similar themes between ‘base details’ and ‘Macbeth’. From the quote ‘poor young chap-I’d say I used to know his father well. This shows that the majors don’t care about the man, as they can easily say poor young chap but didn’t seem to help him in any way shape or form, also by saying ‘I used to know his father well’, this shows that the majors are so inconsiderate of others. It’s very selfish that the youngest men are put on the front line, by the majors, it seems as though the majors think that the young men aren’t as experienced to do anything else, so they are put on the most life threatening position.

Law Essays - The Law Of Life, Embers, Death, Moose, Gray Wolf

Law Of Life By Koshoosh Death is an end result of any living creature in Nature. As an intelligent species it is sometimes difficult, especially when personally facing death, to accept this brutal reality. Koshoosh, in "The Law of Life" written by Jack London, experiences the intelligible acceptance of the "law of...flesh"(890). He is found being left alone by his tribe "in the snow, with a little pile of wood."(891) When he starts his reflective meditation on people and events he has observed throughout his life, he tries to understand the reason for his death. Although the body may be old and unable to defend itself physically, there is a conscious desire to live on. Therefore an individuals acceptance of death does not illustrate their surrender to it. Koshoosh is almost admirable in facing death. His "barbaric mind was capable of "(891) understanding his brutal environment because he too left his father at one time. This made him no better than anyone else in the tribe. Koskoosh once was the leader of his tribe, he did "great deeds and made his name a curse in the mouths of the Pellys"(893). He has become a serene and wise old man through his experiences and knowledge. On an intellectual level Koskoosh accepts death but as a human he still has a strong will to survive. Koskoosh is faced with many forces, externally and internally, that are working to bring his life to an end. Externally, one of the most apparent is the cold of the winter wind and the snow. He uses the fire in front of him for warmth and the "shelter of his mangy furs"(889) to protect him from the elements. He also has a limited supply of wood, and he thinks, "measure of his life was a handful of faggots."(890) When they were finished then frost would take over. That is if "the glowing eyes, the lolling tongues, the slavering fangs'"(893) of the wolves didn't get him first. Koshoosh is also faced with internal forces, which is the acceptance and understanding of his death, in the way of nature. Koskoosh feels "forlorn and helpless"(889) in his internal struggle to survive against what he understands to be "the way of life."(890) Koskoosh begins the first of many reflections in his struggle to understand his fight for life. He is listening to his granddaughter give commands to break camp. He longs for her to at least say goodbye, but knows that "the duties of life, not death"(889) call to her. Koskoosh understands that if she slows down to visit with him it will jeopardize the health of the tribe, because they must follow the caribou. Koskoosh can also hear the cries of little Koo-tee who in his mind is a "fretful child, and not overstrong."(890) He feels as though the child would die soon, again he is internally enforcing to himself that death will come to everyone. In the dialogue between Koskoosh and his son, he expresses his acceptance of death and begins to reassure his son as well as himself that there will not be a great struggle for life. Through a comparison of his life to that of "last years leaf, clinging lightly to the stem."(890), just a breath will knock it off "and I fall."(890) Koskoosh is also affirming to himself that "All men must die."(890) and that the practice of leaving the old and sick behind "was the way of life, and it was just."(890) In hearing his fathers' acceptance Koskoosh's son leaves. Although Koskoosh makes this statement, he still tries to answer to himself his role in nature. He then begins to describe natures lack of "concern for that concrete thing called the individual"(891). In that nature's interest lies in the species not the individuals struggle for life. Koskoosh relates structures such as the "bursting greenness of the willow"(891) but then in the fall the yellowing of the leaves. He thinks of how the "mosquitoes vanished with the first frost."(891) When rabbits and squirrels get to old to carry on they either die or get caught by their enemies. He thinks of how he's "been left, in the snow, with a little pile of wood"( 891). He is feeling some self-pity because he knows this is the end for him but his desire to survive is strong and he places another "stick carefully upon the fire"(891) he must keep warm to herd off death a little while longer. Koskoosh continues in his meditations and reflections in search for the truth in his question of surrendering to

How to Make Money Blogging - 17 of the Best Ideas

Trying to figure out how to make money with a blog? I mean, as fun as starting a blog is, I dont think there are very many people who would mind earning at least a little side income from their blog!But how do you actually go about monetizing your blog? Do you just throw up a bunch of popup ads and call it a day? Wellyou can. But if you go with that approach youre leaving a ton of less intrusive monetization options on the table.In this post, Im going to go over a whole heap of ideas for how to make money with a blog. Ill cover everything from the most popular methods (that you might already be familiar with) down to some niche methods that might not have considered already.The best part is you can use multiple monetization ideas at the same time to create a truly diversified income stream from your blog.Enough chatting lets get to the money-making ideas. start with the most popular monetization methods and slowly get more narrow as the list goes on. So if youre already familiar wi th the basics of how to make money with a blog, you might be able to skip the first few suggestions. Otherwise, start at the beginning!1. Promote products via affiliate marketingLets start with one of the biggest money makers for bloggersthat regular people often arent familiar with:Affiliate marketing.With affiliate marketing, you get paid for linking or otherwise recommending products or services if someone purchases a product as a result of clicking from your site. When someone buys after visiting from your site, youll get either a percentage or flat-rate commission.For example, you could write a product review blog post and get paid if someone buys as a result of your review. An example of this in action is our SiteGround review. If someone signs up to SiteGround from our review, we earn a small commission. Or, you can always curate or mention multiple products at a time.The important thing here is that the customer still gets the same price, no matter if they buy something base d on an affiliates recommendation or directly from the vendor.So how can you find these affiliate opportunities?One way is to look in companies website footers for an Affiliates link. A good percentage of businesses have such links and you can find out about their affiliate program.Another way is to sign up to an affiliate network (a collection of affiliate programs). Some good networks are:ShareASaleCommission JunctionClickbankLastly, if youre into WordPress, there are two more options that we can recommend:Our own affiliate program here at ThemeIsle. Check the details here.A list of the top WordPress-related affiliate programs in the market.2. Use Google AdSense adsIm giving Google AdSense its own category because its one of the most popular and easiest ways to start monetizing your blog. Im guessing youre familiar with what AdSense ads look like. If not, heres a quick example:To get such ads on your site, all you need to do is sign up for AdSense and add the ad code to your site. Then, Google will serve up ads that are relevant to your content and your visitors. And youll get paid if someone clicks on your ad (known as cost per click) or even if someone just views your ad (known as cost per impression).3. Accept sponsored posts from companiesDid you know that there are tons of companies who will pay you money just for writing a post about them? Such posts are called sponsored posts. And if your blog gets decent traffic, plenty of companies will pay for the privilege of sponsoring a post. This might be one of your main strategies on your way to learning how to make money with a blog.One way to find sponsors for your posts is to use a network like Tapinfluence. But honestly, the best way to attract such opportunities is to create a page on your own site advertising your traffic and rates for sponsored posts. That way, advertisers can find you. And trust me, sponsors are always looking for opportunities!Just be aware its a good practice (and sometimes required by law) to clearly disclose when a post is sponsored.4. Use other display network adsAdSense is technically a display network. But because its so popular, I gave it its own category. AdSense is not your only option here, though. There are tons of other networks where all you need to do is add a code to your site and start displaying ads.We already wrote about some AdSense alternatives, but some good options are:Media.netCriteoMonumetricNot sure what I mean by display advertising? Heres a quick example of what a Criteo ad might look like:5. Sell ads directly to advertisersAdSense and other display ad networks find ads for you so that you can find out how to make money with a blog without needing to lift a finger. But in returnthey do take a cut of what advertisers pay you.So one way to potentially make more money and have more control over the ads on your site is to cut out the middleman. That is, directly sell ads to advertisers.Like sponsored posts, the best way to attract these o pportunities is to create an Advertise page on your site that lists details about your traffic (including Google Analytics screenshots). But you can also try proactively reaching out to companies in your niche.And once you get some ads, there are plenty of WordPress plugins that can help you manage them. Some good ones are:AdRotateAds Pro Plugin6. Sell a digital product, like an eBookSpeaking of cutting out the middlemaninstead of relying solely on affiliate marketing to sell other peoples products, you can create your own digital product that you sell to your audience. While it does take some upfront work, this is actually a fairly popular way to make money from your blog.For example, the ProBlogger team has created 6 different eBooks that they sell via their blog:Try to think of a product you could create based on the topic of your blog. Then, market that product to your readers!7. Become a freelance bloggerIf you already enjoy blogging, you can actually use your own blog as one b ig advertisement to attract clients willing to pay you to blog. This is actually a pretty solid way to make a living (its what I do!). And its pretty popular in some blogging niches.For example, Carrie Smith Nicholson runs a personal finance blog called Careful Cents that she also uses to find freelance blogging clients:The best way to do this? Create a Hire Me page like Carrie did. Then, if someone likes your writing, they know exactly how to get in contact with you.But what do you need in order to start this blogging business? We recommend you this comprehensive step-by-step guide by FirstSiteGuide on how to create a blog by yourself.8. Create an eCourseSimilar to creating a digital product like an eBook, launching your own eCourse is another popular method of monetizing a blog. Again, think of what youre an expert atand offer up a course to your readers.For example, Elna Cain has a blog about freelance writing that she uses to promote her online courses:Or, you can always create Udemy course based on your blog content and earn money that way.9. Launch a membership siteThe final form of eBooks and online courses is to launch a full membership site. With a membership site, your readers pay every month for access to a full community of information.For an example of this in action, check out Digital Marketers Lab site. With Digital Marketer Lab, readers can pay a monthly fee to subscribe to premium content:10. Charge people to read your postsI knowthis seems like a pretty far-fetched method for how to make money with a blog. Charging people just to read all of your posts?! No one would ever payright?Well, it depends on your niche. I wouldnt recommend this method for most sites. But some bloggers have actually found success using this method. For example, Mark Manson charges readers $4 per month to read unlimited posts:Readers can read a limited number of posts for free. But after that, they have to pay to continue reading. Again, not for everyone. But if you ha ve longform content that people love reading (like Mark), it might be a viable approach.11. Create a podcastAs much as people love reading your blog posts, they dont always have time to stare at words on a screen. So why not reach them in another medium with an audio podcast? Podcasting is exploding nowadays and plenty of bloggers are jumping into the mix.One of the best examples is Pat Flynns Smart Passive Income podcast:Once you turn your blog readers into podcast subscribers as well, you can start monetizing your podcast with ads.12. Accept donationsNot a fan of selling products or ads? You can always simply ask for donations! Thats what plenty of bloggers do in important, but hard-to-monetize, niches.One method is to use a service like Patreon to collect money from your supporters. Or, you can always use a plugin like PayPal Donations to collect donations directly.13. Sell consulting or coaching servicesIf you arent looking to become a freelance blogger, another way you can use your blog to sell services is to offer consulting or coaching services. The principle is the same, but youre selling your time instead of your writing.For example, Chris Lema runs a popular WordPress blog that he uses to sell his consulting services.Basically you use your blog content to establish your expertise then monetize with consulting.14. Sell leads to other companiesIf you have a niche blog, your visitors information is valuable to other companies. For example, if you ran a blog on insuranceinsurance companies would love to pay for access to your readers information.The information for each reader is called a lead. And as long as youre transparent about it, you can collect this information and sell it to other companies. Youre basically connecting an interested person (the lead) with a company that fits their needfor a fee.15. Create a job boardIf you have a large audience of people interested in a specific topic, you can use that audience to create a job board in your nic he. Then, you can charge companies to post a job ad to your targeted audience.One of the best examples of this is ProBloggers Job Board. Companies looking for freelance bloggers pay ProBlogger money just for the privilege of posting a job ad:16. Sell products via eCommerceIf your blogs audience is more casual than business-oriented, you can make good money selling physical merchandise via an eCommerce store. For example, apparel is a huge seller for blogs that skew more towards humor and entertainment.One of the most successful examples of this is The Chives The Chivery store. It sells a huge array of apparel, all powered by the success of The Chives blog.17. Sell your blog and cash outAnd finally, this brings us to the nuclear option for how to make money with a blog:Selling your blog.If youre at the point where you just want to cash out (or if you think youll reach this point in the future), selling your blog lets you get one big lump sum for all the hard work you put into it.How much can you expect for your blog? That depends entirely on your traffic, age, revenue, and consistency. But generallyyou can get anywhere from 12-30x what your site makes each month.For example, WPLift, a popular WordPress blog, sold for a massive $205,200 in 2016.As for where to sell your blog, you can either try to find buyers directly or use a third-party marketplace like:FlippaEmpire FlippersWrapping things upAnd there you go! 17 viable ways for how to make money with a blog. Not all of them will apply to your specific situation, but you should feel free to mix and match to create a diversified monetization stream.If you rely on a single method for earning money, you put yourself at risk if that income stream ever stops working. But if you, say: promote affiliate products, have some AdSense ads, run an eCourse, have a podcast all at the same time, then it will be difficult for you to ever lose all your revenue overnight! Free guide5 Essential Tips to Speed Up Your WordPress Sit eReduce your loading time by even 50-80% just by following simple tips.

3 Tips for Staying Focused at Work During the Holidays

3 Tips for Staying Focused at Work During the Holidays Don’t let your holiday shopping, budgeting, travel-planning- or the weather!- get the better of you this season. Stay focused on wrapping up your year and gearing up for 2017. 1. Deflect the interruptionsThe holidays are always extra distracting. Prepare yourself for the inevitable onslaught and don’t let yourself give in. Instead, use the interruptions to structure your day. Online shopping session? Office cookie break? Set these as deadlines for you to work toward and remain diligent  until its time for your break.2. Look for the right projectsEveryone’s schedules are erratic during the holidays. If you’re stuck working when everyone else is out of office, use the peace and quiet to get work done on your pet projects and big picture tasks. And don’t forget that holiday parties and lingering team lunches can be a great networking opportunity, rather than a waste of time.3. Don’t take it homeStaying focused at the desk means you don’ t have to stay late to get ahead or be on your email 24/7. Make sure to save your off-work hours for all of those distractions you’ve been fending off so successfully. Save time for your shopping and traveling and package-mailing and savor it. Guard it, even. And if you’re worried about getting those things done, schedule them as though they were after-hours meetings.Being mindful about distractions and staying focused will make you more relaxed throughout the holiday season. You’ll probably find you’re way ahead of the game once the fun is over and everybody’s back at work.

Environmental lab Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Environmental lab - Assignment Example In comparisons of the two in terms of energy potential, nuclear produces 10100 energy from an equivalent 1 kg of both. Therefore, there is no doubt nuclear potential is very impressive, but the two have got environmental impacts that needs thorough consideration (Caldicott, 2007). For this research, the main methodology for data collection was animation from MUSE lab. After login, data was collected in accordance with the time changes along the time frame. The data on the quantity of carbon, sulphur, amount of both uranium and coal needed, and accident associated with each are recorded for analysis. From the gathered data, it can be seen that large quantity of Coal is burn than uranium and at the same time carbon dioxide emission is higher when using coal. Sulphur pollution lacks in nuclear plants. Very little is produced as waste in the nuclear plant whole year through while when using coal massive waste is produced (Neeb, 1997). When it comes to accidents, nuclear plants have put in place tight measures in order to reduce accidents as much as possible. Mostly, reaction of uranium is very severe and leads to the production of high energy. As a result, nuclear power is proving to be more sustainable though its safety is still questionable (GiereÃŒ  & Stille,